{"id":8008,"date":"2025-06-09T00:52:55","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T05:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/courses\/sample-course\/lessons\/leccion-2-como-desarmar-un-problema-paso-a-paso\/"},"modified":"2025-09-22T11:07:03","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T16:07:03","slug":"leccion-2-como-desarmar-un-problema-paso-a-paso","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/courses\/comienza-por-el-problema-como-disenar-reformas-que-perduren\/lessons\/leccion-2-como-desarmar-un-problema-paso-a-paso\/","title":{"rendered":"Lecci\u00f3n 2: C\u00f3mo Desarmar un Problema paso a paso"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8008\" class=\"elementor elementor-8008 elementor-3495\" data-elementor-post-type=\"lesson\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb119ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fb119ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e8ef24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e8ef24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>C\u00f3mo descomponer un problema<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf19ca9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bf19ca9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a29a543 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a29a543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7a4c9c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a7a4c9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbd9e49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fbd9e49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Una de las razones m\u00e1s comunes por las que las reformas se estancan es que se enfocan en los s\u00edntomas visibles de un problema y no en sus causas de fondo.<\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Por ejemplo, si la entrega de los libros de texto es lenta, algunos equipos podr\u00edan proponer una nueva ley de adquisiciones o cambiar de proveedor, sin detenerse primero a analizar por qu\u00e9 ocurren realmente los retrasos.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <br><\/span><\/p><h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Aqu\u00ed es donde entra en juego la descomposici\u00f3n del problema.<\/span><\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Es una forma pr\u00e1ctica de descomponer desaf\u00edos complejos en partes manejables, siguiendo un enfoque paso a paso. El objetivo no es solo diagnosticar, sino identificar d\u00f3nde es realmente posible actuar. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f9e0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"12f9e0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f26b29 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5f26b29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc56766 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dc56766\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1445e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1445e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Una herramienta clave es la t\u00e9cnica de los \u201c5 Porqu\u00e9s\u201d <\/span><\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Se pregunta repetidamente \u201c\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 sucede esto?\u201d para ir m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la superficie y descubrir obst\u00e1culos de tipo institucional, conductual o pol\u00edtico. Con frecuencia, los equipos encuentran que lo que parec\u00eda un problema de adquisiciones, en realidad tiene su origen en retrasos presupuestales o en una autoridad poco clara. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-684da3d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"684da3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0808427 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0808427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8da9d33 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8da9d33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceca1c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ceca1c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Adem\u00e1s de preguntar por qu\u00e9, tambi\u00e9n se utilizan herramientas visuales como el \u00e1rbol de problemas o el diagrama de espina de pescado para mapear las causas y sus subcausas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p><h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">El objetivo no es encontrar la respuesta perfecta, sino construir un diagn\u00f3stico \u00fatil que: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/h2><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Est\u00e9 basado en evidencia y en el conocimiento local<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Haga visibles las suposiciones ocultas<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Se\u00f1ale puntos de partida realistas<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d50d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"76d50d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83de1fd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"83de1fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57784cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"57784cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eed2f5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4eed2f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5580\" alt=\"GEN Network\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/curated-lifestyle-IK19mvcJZzw-unsplash-75x50.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58605ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58605ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Piensa en un desaf\u00edo en el que est\u00e9s trabajando.<\/span><\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas de las causas son t\u00e9cnicas? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas son pol\u00edticas o de comportamiento? \u00bfHay algunas \u00e1reas m\u00e1s abiertas al cambio que otras?  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e773371 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e773371\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b67274 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3b67274\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6232dc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a6232dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5c469 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5c469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Por favor, revisa los materiales de lectura\u00a0y mira los videos <strong>enlazados a continuaci\u00f3n<\/strong> como parte de esta lecci\u00f3n.<\/p><h2><strong>Lectura:<\/strong><\/h2><ul><li><strong>Lectura<\/strong> \u2013 <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW260775375 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/projects.iq.harvard.edu\/files\/bsc\/files\/doing_problem_driven_work_wp_307.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW260775375 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW260775375 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">Hacer un trabajo impulsado por los problemas<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW260775375 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW260775375 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\"> (page 18-29)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW260775375 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW260775375 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"eop\" data-ccp-charstyle-defn=\"{\">\u202f<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2><strong>Videos (enlazados a continuaci\u00f3n):<\/strong><\/h2><ul><li><strong>Video <\/strong>\u2013 <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW125949774 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/142953247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW125949774 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW125949774 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">Descomponiendo problemas d\u00edficiles.<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW125949774 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW125949774 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">\u202f<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-8008","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/8008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lesson"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/8008\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}