{"id":8029,"date":"2025-06-10T09:12:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T14:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/courses\/sample-course\/lessons\/leccion-2-introduccion-al-enfoque-basado-en-problemas\/"},"modified":"2025-09-22T10:32:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T15:32:33","slug":"leccion-2-introduccion-al-enfoque-basado-en-problemas","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/courses\/comienza-por-el-problema-como-disenar-reformas-que-perduren\/lessons\/leccion-2-introduccion-al-enfoque-basado-en-problemas\/","title":{"rendered":"Lecci\u00f3n 2: Introducci\u00f3n al Enfoque Basado en Problemas"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8029\" class=\"elementor elementor-8029 elementor-3616\" data-elementor-post-type=\"lesson\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd0aae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7bd0aae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4722fa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4722fa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><b>Introducci\u00f3n al Enfoque Basado en Problemas<\/b><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1430723a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1430723a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20da869 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"20da869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de7167d e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"de7167d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea9879b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea9879b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Las reformas gubernamentales muchas veces se estancan, no por falta de esfuerzo o presupuesto, sino porque intentamos implementar soluciones apresuradamente, sin comprender realmente la naturaleza del problema que queremos resolver.<\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Podemos adoptar modelos internacionales o copiar ejemplos exitosos de otros lugares, solo para descubrir que no funcionan en nuestro propio contexto.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f33afb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f33afb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Este curso propone un enfoque distinto.<\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">En lugar de comenzar con las \u201cmejores pr\u00e1cticas\u201d, <strong>empezamos por identificar los problemas que realmente importan<\/strong>: aquellos que afectan a las personas, dificultan el desempe\u00f1o y persisten a pesar de intentos previos. Esta es la base del enfoque orientado al problema. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e2515 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5e2515\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Esta metodolog\u00eda se basa en el marco de Adaptaci\u00f3n Iterativa Orientada al Problema (PDIA, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), desarrollado por el programa Building State Capability de la Universidad de Harvard.<\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> PDIA se centra en aprender mediante la acci\u00f3n, adaptarse seg\u00fan la retroalimentaci\u00f3n y permitir que quienes impulsan reformas enfrenten la complejidad usando estrategias ajustadas al contexto local.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeeac12 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"aeeac12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a4cfc6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a4cfc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e93d589 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e93d589\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Se te presentar\u00e1n los seis pasos del proceso PDIA:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bfbbdd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8bfbbdd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f8b2fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f8b2fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>An\u00e1lisis inicial del problema<\/strong>: definirlo, desglosarlo y establecer un orden para abordarlo.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Identificar pasos de acci\u00f3n<\/strong>: descubrir las primeras acciones posibles y realistas para avanzar.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Actuar<\/strong>: permitir que los actores locales implementen y se responsabilicen de las acciones.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Revisi\u00f3n <\/strong>\u2013 Analizar qu\u00e9 est\u00e1 funcionando, qu\u00e9 no y por qu\u00e9.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Mantener la autoridad y la legitimidad<\/strong> &#8211; Comunicar las primeras victorias y conseguir apoyo.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/li><li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Adaptar e iterar<\/strong>: Aprender de la retroalimentaci\u00f3n y ajustar el rumbo hasta resolver realmente el problema.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fc309 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00fc309\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c816bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c816bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Captura-de-pantalla-2025-06-25-221634-e1750907874639.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5866\" alt=\"GEN Network\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10eedd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c10eedd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd452d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd452d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fuente: La gu\u00eda de PDIA<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5b737 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e5b737\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f0b38 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"94f0b38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8627aaf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8627aaf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac913f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac913f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En la <strong>siguiente secci\u00f3n<\/strong>, aprender\u00e1s c\u00f3mo construir un problema convincente y accionable. Reflexionar\u00e1s sobre qu\u00e9 hace que un problema sea \u201creal\u201d, por qu\u00e9 es importante y c\u00f3mo hacer las preguntas correctas puede ayudarte a descubrir las causas profundas de un desaf\u00edo y generar un cambio significativo.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dd8258 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4dd8258\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd4ba41 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd4ba41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7f28c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2b7f28c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-603011a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"603011a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Por favor, revisa los materiales de lectura <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0y mira los videos <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">enlazados a continuaci\u00f3n<\/strong> <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">como parte de esta lecci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p><h2><strong>Lectura:<\/strong><\/h2><ul><li><strong>Lectura<\/strong> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/centers\/cid\/publications\/faculty-working-papers\/escaping-capability-traps-through-problem-driven-iterative-adaptation-pdia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Escapando de las trampas de capacidad a trav\u00e9s de PDIA<\/em> (p\u00e1ginas 1\u20138)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><h2><strong>Videos (enlazados a continuaci\u00f3n):<\/strong><\/h2><ul><li><strong>Video 1 <\/strong>\u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/bsc.hks.harvard.edu\/2014\/01\/22\/bsc-video-form-%E2%89%A0-function-part-313\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forma \u2260 Funci\u00f3n \u2013 Video BSC<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Video 2<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/bsc.hks.harvard.edu\/2014\/05\/01\/bsc-video-16-isomorphic-mimicry-in-argentina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mimetismo isom\u00f3rfico en Argentina \u2013 Video BSC<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-8029","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/8029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lesson"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/8029\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gen-global.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}